初中英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解(2)
http://www.newdu.com 2025/09/24 01:09:56 中考网 佚名 参加讨论
一般将来时 标志:will / shall + 动词原形 1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如: We shall have a lot of rain next month. My husband will come back in a few days. 2. 表示倾向性和习惯性: Fish will die without water. When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt. 3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析: 1) will / shall + 动词原形 多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”) *shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称 2) be going to + 动词原形 表示即将发生或打算要做的事: It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today. 3) be to + 动词原形 表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作: He is to visit Japan next year. We are to discuss the report on Monday. 4) be about to + 动词原形 表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如: The plane is about to start. Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you. 4 现在进行时 标志:be + 动词的现在分词 1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作: She is writing a letter upstairs. Who are you waiting for? It is raining hard. 2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行): I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel. 3. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid. He is always thinking of others first. 4. 表示将来 1) 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: Uncle Wang is coming. They're leaving for Beijing. 2) 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如: Please drop in when you are passing my way. If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up. 5 过去进行时 标志:was / were + 动词的现在分词 1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如: I was having a talk with Lucy at that time. They were watching TV at home last night. 2. 表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: My brother was always losing his keys. 3. 表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 4. 过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生): Granny fell asleep when she was reading. It was raining when they left the station. 6 现在完成时 标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词 1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如: He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市) Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户破了) 2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。 I have been busy since last week. He has taught in our school for 30 years. I’ve finished half so far. 注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如: She hasn’t seen you for ages. His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week. 3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如: I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company. 4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如: I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park. 5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语 能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有: 1) since 自从 I have been there many times since the war. We haven’t seen each other since last week. We have been friends ever since. 2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中 I’ve been ill for the past three weeks. Great changes have take place in the last ten years. I have been here (for) the last/past month. 3) so far 到目前为止 We haven’t had any trouble so far. So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless. 4) up to/until now 到现在为止 Up to now he’s been quiet. Up to now, the work has been easy. I have heard nothing from him up till now. Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees. 5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次… It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here. It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public. It is the second time (that) I have met him today. 6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最… This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系; 而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。如: I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影) I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的这部电影) 2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆没有时间状语; 而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。 3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等); 而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如: He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring. My grandfather bought the car five years ago. 7. 易错点辨析 1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如: (×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。 (责任编辑:admin) |
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