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初中英语之情态动词语法详解(2)


    2.其否定形式mustn't表示“ 一定不要” 、“千万别”、“禁止,不许”。
    You mustn't play with fire.你不许玩火。
    You mustn't be late. 你一定不要迟到。
    3.对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn't或don't have to.
    —Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗?
    —No, you needn't.不,你不必。
    4.must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。
    The light is on,so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。
    5.注意其反意问句的构成形式:
    当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
    She must have seen the film before,hasn't she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
    You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn't you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
    need的用法
    1.need表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn't,意为“没有必要,不必”。
    用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn't或don't have to。
    —Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?
    —Yes,you must.是的。
    —No.you needn't /don't have to. 不,你不必。
    2.need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。
    I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。
    He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
    如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点:
    (1)主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;
    (2)该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
    The door needs painting.=The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。
    Your car needs mending.=Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。
    dare的用法
    dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性:
    1.dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
    Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?
    I daren't ask her,will you do it for me? 我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?
    2.dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。
    He doesn't dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。
    注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。
    如:Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告诉她我说的话吗?
    I didn't dare look at him.我不敢看他。
    shall的用法
    shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)。
    如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?
    在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。
    1.用“Let's do...”来提出建议。
    如:Let's go for a walk after supper.
    2.用“What/How about...?”来提出建议;about后接名词或动词ing形式。
    如:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?
    3.用“Why not...?”来提出建议,表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。
    “Why not...?”实际上是“Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。
    如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?
    4.用“Would you like...?”来提出建议,意思是“你想要……吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。
    如:Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?
    因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法:
    Shall we go for a swim?
    Let's go for a swim,shall we?
    What about/How about going swimming?
    Why not go for a swim?
    Would you like to go for a swim?
    What do you think of going for a swim?
    should的用法
    1.should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如:We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。
    2.Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。
    如:You should have finished your homework.
    你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)
    will的用法
    will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。
    如:I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。
    注意:1.will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。
    由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示,所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be。(一定不能说there will have)
    例如:There are many students in our school. →There will be many students in our school.
    There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说:There will have a sports meeting next week.
    2.will 与be going to do sth区别:
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