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人教版英语（八下）Unit4知识梳理/词汇句式精讲(3)

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    【注意】
    explain后面不能接双宾语，在接间接宾语sb.时，前面应加介词to，即explain sth. to sb.
    7. compare
    （1）compare作动词，意为“比较，对照”，常与with连用。例如：
    Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right.
    把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。
    My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s.
    我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。
    If you compare the two books, you will see that this one is better.
    如果你比较一下这两本书，你会发现这一本好一些。
    （2）compare作动词，还用作比喻意义，意为“比作”。例如：
    Man’s life is often compared to a candle.
    人生常被比为蜡烛。
    Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
    莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。
    8. push
    push作动词，意为“推动；挤；鞭策；督促”。例如：
    The little boy pushed the door open.
    小男孩把门推开了。
    We had to push our way through the crowd.
    我们得从人群中挤过去。
    The math teacher really pushes his students. That’s why they don’t like him that much.
    那位数学老师确实对学生们鞭策过多了。这就是他们不那么喜欢他的原因。
    You’d better not push me for an answer to your request.
    你最好不要催促我答复你的请求。
    练一练：
    I. 英汉短语互译。
    1．闲逛 _______
    2．归还 ________
    3．同意某人（的想法） ________
    4．与某人和睦相处 ________
    5．下次 ________
    6．too much _________
    7．work out ________
    8．cut out_________
    9．get into a fight _________
    10．play sports_________
    II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
    1．She is a ________ (成员) of the golf club.
    2．I want to know your o________ about the plan.
    3．I think she must be ________ (疯狂的).
    4．Don’t ________ (推) the door.
    5．Don’t ________(比较) me with others.
    6．The radio says that the soldiers will c________ moving on.
    7．This is a ________ (典型的) case and let me explain it to you.
    8．I can’t go out with you because my mother doesn’t a________ me to go out.
    9．Your answer is not right. It’s w________.
    10．If you don’t know the meaning of the word, just try to g________ it.
    III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
    1．Don’t give me too much ________(press) . I’m stressed out.
    2．1000 children entered the English ________(compete)?
    3．The government did a lot for the country’s ________(develop).
    4．I had an ________(usual) experience last night. I didn’t believe it at all.
    5．The man is a ________(skill) worker and we should learn from him.
    【参考答案】
    I. 英汉短语互译。
    1. hang out
    2. give back
    3. agree with sb.
    4. get on with sb.
    5. next time
    6. 太多
    7. 解决；算出
    8. 删除；删去
    9. 争吵
    10. 做运动
    II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
    1. member  2. opinion  3. crazy  4. push  5. compare
    6. continue  7. typical   8. allow  9. wrong  10. guess
    III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
    1. pressure  2. competition  3. development  4. unusual  5. skilled
    Unit4 重点句型解析
    1. Why don’t you talk to your parents？
    “Why don’t you + 动词原形 + 其他？”相当于“Why not + 动词原形 + 其他？”意为“为什么不……？”并不表示疑问，而是作建议、询问。例如：
    Why don’t you go with us? = Why not go with us?
    为什么不同我们一起去呢？
    Why don’t you go swimming? = Why not go swimming?
    为什么不去游泳呢？
    【拓展】
    why not用在口语中表示赞同，意为“当然，好啊”。例如：
    — Let’s go to the movies. 我们看电影吧。
    — Why not? 好啊！
    2. I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.
    until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
    （1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
    She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。
    （2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
    We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
    【拓展】
    （1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。例如：
    I will wait here until you come back.
    我会在这里等到你回来。
    （2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
    The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
    直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
    3. I’m not good at writing.
    be good at意为“擅长……”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如：
    I’m good at playing chess. 我擅长下象棋。
    We should be good at learning from each other.
    我们应该善于互相学习。
    【拓展】
    （1）be good for意为“对……有好处”。例如：
    Eating more vegetables is good for your health.
    多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
    （2）be good /kind /nice to意为“对……好”。例如：
    My friend was good to me when I was ill.
    我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。
    4. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
    although作连词，相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如：
    Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.
    = He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
    虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。
    There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.
    虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。
    【拓展】
    although与though的辨析：
    （1）用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。例如：
    Though/Although it was raining, we still went there.
    虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。
    （2）although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：
    It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though.
    工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。
    We all tried our best. We lost the game, though.
    我们都尽力最大努力，但我们还是输了。
    （3）在as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，纵然）等固定短语中不能用although。例如：
    He talks as though he knew everything.
    他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。
    5. I hope things will be better for you soon.
    hope作动词，意为“希望”，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式或宾语从句，但表达“希望别人做某事”时则需用hope that从句。例如：
    I hope to watch the football match again.
    我希望再看一次那场足球赛。
    I hope you can pass the exam.
    我希望你能通过考试。
    【拓展】
    hope与wish的辨析：
    （1）表示“想；希望”，两者宾语可为to do，不能用doing。例如：
    I hope/wish to visitGuilin. 我希望去桂林观光。
    （2）wish后可以跟复合宾语，即wish sb. to do sth.，而hope不能。例如：
    I wish you to go. (正) 我希望你去。
    I hope you to go. (误) 我希望你去。
    （3）两者都可接that从句，但是“hope + that从句”表示希望，“wish + that从句”表示愿望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如：
    I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。
    I wish I were really wealthy. 但愿我真的富有。
    （4）wish后可接双宾语。hope没有这种用法。例如：
    We wish you a happy New Year! 我们祝你新年快乐！
    练一练：
    I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
    1. Why don’t you get her a scarf? (改为同义句)
    ① ____________ ____________ get her a scarf?
    ② ____________ ____________ getting her a scarf?
    2. You should get a CD for your friend. (对划线部分提问)
    ____________ ____________ I ____________ for my friend?
    3. We don’t go shopping. We watch TV at home instead. (改为同义句)
    We watch TV at home ____________ ____________ ____________ shopping.
    4. I think your idea is great. (改为否定句)
    I ____________ ____________ your idea is great.
    5. She does well in singing and dancing. (改为同义句)
    She is ____________ ____________ singing and dancing.
    6. She had a map in order not to get lost. (改为同义句)
    She had a map ____________ ____________ she wouldn’t get lost.
    7. The old man lives a simple life although he is rich. (改为同义句)
    The old man is rich, ____________ he lives a simple life.
    II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
    1．我有太多家庭作业，所以我没有任何空闲时间做我喜欢的事情。
    I have too much homework ________ I don’t have any free time to do things________ ________.
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