初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练（3）
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一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1)过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2)过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3)谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4)有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say? 另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be动词的过去式为was, were;行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2)以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住. 其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday? 其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+时间"构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去. 自主检测: (一 )选择 1 She lived there before he____to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming 2 I _____but_____nothing. A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of 3 When did you ____here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach 4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish 5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _______. A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did. 6 -I have had supper. - When ____you____it? A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have 答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C (二) 填空 1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago. 2 There____(be)a shop not long ago. 3 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night. 4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago. 5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now. 6 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday. 7 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends. 8 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year. 9 Did he____(have) lunch at home? 10 I _____(eat) the bread, I 'm full now. 答案:1 were 2 was 3 didn't go 4 read 5 saw go 6 does ; didn't do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten 常见错误如下: 一、把动词变成过去式易出错 例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now. 2 They plaied (play) football yesterday. 答案: 1 stopped 2 played 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed." 二、忘记把动词变成过去式 例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案: flew 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记". 三、在句式变换时易出错 例: 1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday. 2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday? 答案: 1 didn't go 2 Did have 解析:请记住口诀"见助动, 用原形." 四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混 例: He taughts (teach) me English last year. 答案: taught 解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样. 五、易与现在完成时弄混 例: 我看过这部电影 I saw(see) the film. 答案: I have seen (see) the film. 解析:"我看过这部电影"说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时; 一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关.. 六、易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。 (责任编辑：admin) |
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