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情态动词
一. 什么是情态动词?v.aux.
情态动词是表示说话人的某种感情或语气的动词，用来表示请求，允诺，愿望，建议，命令，能力，需求或拒绝等情感态度。
常用的情态动词有：can, may, must, should, will, need等。
二：情态动词的时态：
情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
三. 情态动词的用法：
1. can
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Jay Chou can sing a song. (技能)
2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
3) 表示否定推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)。
It can’t be her. She has gone to Beijing.
2. may
1)表示请求和允许。
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t./ may not. )
◆否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t或者may not，表示“不可以，禁止”。
2)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
He may be at home now, but I am not sure.
3)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! Wish you success!
3. must, have to
1) must表示必须。You must come on time.
2)表示有把握的肯定推测。“一定;肯定”
This book must be Danny’s. His name is on it.
3) must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。
We must win the game by ourselves.
She has to drop out of school because of her poor family.
4)mustn’t “禁止”语气较强烈。 You mustn’t talk in the library.
4. need
need 表示“需要”，作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。
1) We needn’t hurry. There is still a lot of time. (needn’t没必要)
2) ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
5. will
1) 表示请求、建议等。Will you pass me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again.
6. should
1) should表示“应该”，表示义务或责任。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。
①You should go to class right away.
②Should I open the window?
7. would, might以及could
⑴would是will的过去式 第二人称
①语气比will委婉Would you please help me?(委婉语气)
②可以表达意愿。Would you be nice to the students in the future? (表达意愿)
★would like sth. 想要…… would like to do sth. 想要做……
I would like some coffee with sugar. She would like to have some juice.
⑵might 第一人称
①是may的过去式，表达可能。He might complete his work. (可能性)
②其语气更委婉。Might I come in? (语气委婉)
⑶could是can的过去式
①可以表达过去做某事的能力He could swim at the age of ten. (could是can的过去式)
②也可以表达委婉语气。Could you help me? (委婉语气)
但回答需用can的是适当形式。
---Could you help me? ---Yes, I can. / Of course. / No problem.
--- Sorry, I can’t. I am busy now.
★★★★注意：
①must引导的疑问句如何回答呢?
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must. (肯定回答)
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.(否定回答)
②need引导的疑问句如何回答呢?
----Need I wait for you at the station?
----Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
Exercises
一.根据语境，选用适当的情态动词。
1. --_________(May/ Must)I come in? –Yes, please.
2. I am afraid that we __________(can’t/ can) give you an answer.
3. --_________(May/ Can) he speak English? – Yes, he can.
4. ---Where is Tom? –He ________ be in the office, but I’m not sure. (need/ may).
5. We ________ help the old cross the road. (need/should)
6. The girl _________(should/ shouldn’t) go out alone at night.
7. Children ________(mustn’t / can) play with fire.
8. ____________(Could/ Must) you tell me how I can get to the station?
9. You ___________(should/ can’t) write more carefully next time.
10. Must I return the books tomorrow? –No, you ________(mustn’t/ needn’t).
二.单项选择。
( ) 1. you like to drink some milk?
A. Could B. Will C. Do D. Would
( ) 2. —May I take a seat here? —Sorry, you, it’s only for the old.
A. needn't B. don’t C. can't D. shouldn’t
( )3.—What will the weather be like tomorrow?
—It ______ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?
A. must B. might C. shall D. should
( )4.—Look at that girl! Is it Susan?
—No, it _______ be her. She has gone back to her hometown.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
( )5. The desk is not dirty. You _______ clean it.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
( )6. You ______ wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. have to
( )7. —Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, you _______.
A. can B. must C. should D. will
( )8.—Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You _____ be joking!
—I’m serious. It’s made of silk.
A. must B. need C. may D. can
( )9.— Let’s go to watch a movie.
— Sorry, I _______. I have to go to my piano lesson.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
( )10.— Must I get up early tomorrow morning? — No, _________.
A. you mustn’tB. you don’t have to C. you can’t D. you need
( )11. –Honey. Don’t make noises. Your brother is sleeping. – ________. Mum.
A. Yes, I will B. Sorry, I won’t C. Yes, I won’t D. Sorry, I will
( )12. The sign says that we _________ smoke here.
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( )13. I have travelleda lot. I ______ speak four languages.
A.can B.mayC.must D. need
( )14. There’s an important football match today. I _____ miss it.
A.may B. can’t C. must D. needn’t
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