2015中考学科备考复习策略：英语习惯用语(2)
http://www.newdu.com 2025/09/20 12:09:27 中考网 佚名 参加讨论
[误] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Who are you?“ [正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Hello? This is Tom speaking?” [析] 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问“Who’s that(speaking)？”但不要讲“Who are you?”如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲“This is ×××× speaking”而不要讲“I‘m ××××”也不要讲“My name is ×××××。” 就语法而论，“Who are you?” “I’m ××××”“My name is ×××××”并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。 [误] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend? - I don’t hope so [正] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend? - I hope not [析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope soI believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don’t think so 但I don‘t believe so 和 I don’t hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧！ [误] - Is anybody there? - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave [正] - Is everybody there? - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave [析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗？而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗？所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave [误] - Your handwriting is very good! - No, my handwriting is very poor [正] - Your handwriting is very good! - Thank you [析] 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。 [误] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I‘ll go first” [正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I have to go” [析] 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I’ll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。 [误] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - I‘d like to, and I’m too busy [正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - I‘d like to, but I’m too busy [析] I‘m too busy 与 I’d like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。 [误] - Where‘s Deter - Deter will come with us tonight but he isn’t very sure yet [正] - Where‘s Deter? - Deter may come with us tonight but he isn’t very sure yet [析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。 [误] - Hi, haven‘t seen you for ages! You look fine! - Great You look well too [正] - Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine! - Thanks You look well too [析] 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。 所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。 (责任编辑：admin) |
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