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用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：1.明确所给词的词性 2.弄清所给句子的意思 3.确定空白处所需的词性 4.正确写出所填的词 用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类： 对名词的考查 1.考查可数名词的单数形式转换成复数形式 1).可数名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化) ①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：desk→desks key→keys monkey→monkeys boy→boys等 ②以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：fox→foxes boss→bosses bus→buses class→classes dress→dresses witness→witnesses address→addresses beach→beaches coach→coaches couch→couches inch→inches sandwich→sanwiches church→churches watch→watches match→matches speech→speeches witch→witches dish→dishes brush→brushes fish→fishes(鱼的种类) toothbrush→toothbrushes等。 ③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有： zoo→zoos radio→radios photo→photos piano→pianos kilo→kilos mango→mangos(es) bamboo→bamboos kangaroo→kangaroos 加-es有：tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes dodo→dodoes/s hero→heroes ④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。例如：family→families lady→ladies baby→bibies copy→copies body→bodies century→centuries diary→diaries dictionary→dictionaries factory→factories library→libaries battery→batteries buddy→buddies documentry→documentries ability→abilities country→countries butterfly→butterflies enemy→enem ies memory→memories balcony→balconies laboratory→laboratrories beauty→beauties charity→charities comedy→comedies quallity→quallities reply→replies difficulty→difficulties theropy→theropies mystery→mysteries hobby→hobbies story→stories, city→cities laundry→laundries activity→activities等。 ⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或 fe为v，再加-es。例如：half→halves knife→knives wife→wives leaf→leaves shelf→shelves herself→themseves scalf→scalfs/scalves wolf→wolves loaf→loaves等。 部分以f/fe结尾的单词，把f/fe变为ves，这里有一首打油诗可以帮你总结复合 这条规律的单词： 妻子骑狼拿起刀, wife--wives; wolf----wolves; knife----knives; 追得小偷满街跑, thief---thieves; 碰倒架子丧己 命, shelf---shelves; self---selves(myself→ourselves, yourself→yourselves, himself/herself/itself→themselves); life----lives 头巾 树叶 半 空飘. scarf ----scarves, leaf----leaves half----halves 2).可数名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化) foot→feet tooth→teeth child→children man→men woman→women policeman→policemen policewoman→policewomen Frenchman→Frenchmen snowman→snowmen businessman→businessmen Englishman→Englishmen gentleman→gentlemen salesman→salesmen mouse→mice(作"鼠标"解mice/mouses) sheep→sheep Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese fish→fish goldfish→goldfish等。 注意：常见的不可数名词： (1).即使其前面有形容词修饰，也不可以用不定冠词a/an。 如： advice(建议) age(年龄) anger beauty【作"美丽的人或物"讲，可数】 bravery(勇敢) change(零钱) courage(勇气) culture evidence energy envy experience(经验)【作"经历"讲，可数】 food fun furniture hair【作"几根头发"讲，可数】 happiness(幸福) harm health(健康) homework honour(荣誉) ice importance(重要性) industry information kindness labour literature luck luggage marriage money music nature news paper(纸)【作"试卷"或"报纸"讲，可数】 peace permission power produce progress research rubbish safety salt sand silence strength snow 【作" 积雪"讲，用复数】stationery success(成功)【作" 成功的事或人"讲，可数】 time(时间)【作"次数"讲，可数】traffic transport travel truth unluck value waste water weather wind wisdom work (工作) 【作"著作"讲，可数】 (2). (其前有形容词修饰)，可以用不定冠词a/an： breakfast comfort a good education danger death dinner help honor horror joy knowledge lunch rain sleep pleasure pride pity shame supper support surprise shock wonder【作" 令人惊讶之物"或"奇迹"讲，可数】 worry【作" 令人担心的事或人"讲，可数】等。 (3).只有复数形式的名词：clothes glasses(眼镜) people trousers goods(商品) wishes(祝愿) congratulations(祝贺) thanks(感谢)等。 (4).只能用作可数名词的抽象名词。如：answer(答案) case(情况) event(事件) idea(想法) mistake(错误) situation(局势) 等。 (责任编辑：admin) |