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中考英语中那些常用不规则动词大汇总

http://www.newdu.com 2018-11-23 中考网 佚名 参加讨论

    英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?看看下面的不规则动词变化大全,查漏补缺吧!
    ★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
    一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
    cost—cost—cost
    cut—cut—cut
    hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt
    let—let—let
    put—put—put
    read—read—read
    set—set—set
    shut—shut—shut
    二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
    1。过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3个)
    bring—brought—brought
    buy—bought—bought
    think—thought—thought
    2。词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
    build—built—built
    lend—lent—lent
    send—sent—sent
    spend—spent—spent
    3。过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
    catch—caught—caught
    teach—taught—taught
    4。把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
    keep—kept—kept
    sleep—slept—slept
    sweep—swept—swept
    5。把-ell变为-old。(2个)
    tell—told—told
    sell—sold—sold
    6。过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
    smell—smelt—smelt
    spell—spelt—spelt
    feel—felt—felt
    spill—spilt—spilt
    7。过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
    learn—learnt—learnt
    mean—meant—meant
    spoil—spoilt—spoilt
    8。过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
    say—said—said
    pay—paid—paid
    lay—laid—laid
    hear—heard—heard
    9。改变元音字母。(11个)
    meet—met—met
    get—got—got
    sit—sat—sat
    find—found—found
    hold—held—held
    spit—spat—spat
    shine—shone—shone
    win—won—won
    hang—hung—hung
    dig—dug—dug
    lose—lost—lost
    10。改变辅音字母。(1个)
    make—made—made
    11。改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
    leave—left—left
    stand—stood—stood
    have(has)—had—had
    understand—understood—understood
    三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
    1.i—a—u变化。(6个)
    begin—began—begun
    drink—drank—drunk
    sing—sang—sung
    ring—rang—rung
    swim—swam—swum
    sink—sank—sunk
    2。词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
    blow—blew—blown
    draw—drew—drawn
    grow—grew—grown
    know—knew—known
    throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
    3。词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
    drive—drove—driven
    write—wrote—written
    ride—rode—ridden
    rise—rose—risen
    4。过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
    break—broke—broken
    choose—chose—chosen
    freeze—froze—frozen
    speak—spoke—spoken
    wake—woke—woken
    5。过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
    forget—forgot—forgotten
    6。过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
    be—was(were)—been
    eat—ate—eaten
    fall—fell—fallen
    give—gave—given
    see—saw—seen
    hide—hid—hidden(hid)
    7。词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
    take—took—taken
    mistake—mistook—mistaken
    8。原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
    do—did—done
    fly—flew—flown
    go—went—gone
    lie—lay—lain
    show—showed—shown
    wear—wore—worn
    四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
    beat—beat—beaten
    五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
    come—came—come
    become—became—become
    run—ran—run
    六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)
    can—could
    may—might
    will—would
    shall—should
    ★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
    一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
    cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
    (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
    二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
    beat/beat/beaten
    三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
    come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run
    (come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
    四、过去式,过去分词相同:
    (1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
    meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed
    (2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
    feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept
    keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept
    (3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t
    spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt
    (4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
    catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought
    buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought
    (5)将stand改为stood
    stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood
    (6)将ay改为aid
    lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said
    (7)将d改为t
    lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent
    spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built
    (8)将i改为a,o,u等
    sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat
    dig/dug/dugwin/won/won
    (9)将ell改为old
    tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold
    (10)词尾加t
    learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant
    dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt
    (11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:
    learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned
    shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined
    hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged
    smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled
    burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned
    light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted
    (12)其它
    have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard
    shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost
    hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)
    find/found/foundmake/made/made
    leave/left/left
    五、三者均不同:
    (1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
    blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown
    grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known
    throw/threw/thrown
    值得注意的是:
    show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn
    (2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
    begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk
    ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung
    swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk
    (3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
    drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written
    rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden
    (4)原形后加n变成过去分词
    drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten
    give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen
    (5)过去式后加n变成过去分词
    break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen
    freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken
    steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken
    take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)
    (6)其它
    be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten
    go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen
    wear/wore/worn
    六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
    wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
    sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken
    七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
    shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
    shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
    hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
    八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
    lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
    lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
    find找到、发现find/found/found
    found创建,成立found/founded/founded
    九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
    (一)词义相对:
    (1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去
    (2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
    (3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)
    或wake/waked/waked醒来
    (4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
    sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
    (5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖
    (6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来
    (7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
    或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
    (8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
    win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
    (9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
    (10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
    (二)词义相近:
    (1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败win/won/won赢得、获胜
    (2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
    know/knew/known知道,了解,认识
    (3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得
    become/became/become变成,成为,变得
    go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
    (4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过
    pay/paid/paid支付、交纳
    cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
    take/took/taken花费
    (5)say/said/said说、讲
    speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
    tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定
    talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论
    ★记忆法三:
    1。无变化,过去式与原形相同。
    let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut
    (shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst)
    2。元音字母的变化。
    i→a:begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank
    i→o:drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,
    (strive→strovearise→arose)
    i→ou:find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)
    a→oo:take→took,shake→shook
    e→o:get→got,forget→forgot
    o→a:come→came,become→became
    oo→o:shoot→shot,choose→chose
    3。元音字母组合的变化。
    aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew
    4。元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
    (1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold
    (2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid
    (3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept
    (4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought
    (5)catch→caught,teach→taught
    (6)can→could,will→would,shall→should
    5。辅音字母变化。
    (1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent
    (2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard
    (3)mean→meant,learn→learnt
    记住以上内容,英语不提不是神话
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