dare的用法 dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性: 1.dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗? I daren't ask her,will you do it for me? 我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗? 2.dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。 He doesn't dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。 注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。 如:Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告诉她我说的话吗? I didn't dare look at him.我不敢看他。 shall的用法 shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)。 如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗? 在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。 1.用“Let's do...”来提出建议。 如:Let's go for a walk after supper. 2.用“What/How about...?”来提出建议;about后接名词或动词ing形式。 如:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us? 3.用“Why not...?”来提出建议,表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。 “Why not...?”实际上是“Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。 如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day? 4.用“Would you like...?”来提出建议,意思是“你想要……吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。 如:Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her? 因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法: Shall we go for a swim? Let's go for a swim,shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim? should的用法 1.should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如:We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。 2.Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 如:You should have finished your homework. 你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。) will的用法 will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。 如:I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。 注意:1.will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。 由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示,所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be。(一定不能说there will have) 例如:There are many students in our school. →There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说:There will have a sports meeting next week. 2.will 与be going to do sth区别: (1)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。 He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day. (2)be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill.He is going to die.He will be twenty years old. (3)be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思。 如:She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour. (4)在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will。如:If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. had better的用法 had better意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。 如:We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走。 You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。 02 含有情态动词的疑问句的回答 1.对may引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式: Yes,you may. Yes,of course. Yes,certainly. Sure. No,you mustn’t. No, you can’t. 2.对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为: Yes,…must. No,…needn't/ don't have to. 3.could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式的意思。 Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗? —Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes,you can.可以。(注意回答) 4.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种: Yes,please. All right. No,thank you. 5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种: Yes,I will. (No, I won't.) Sure. (I’m sorry , I can't.) All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please. 【例题】—Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? —________. A.That’s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn’t matter D.No trouble 【解析】A. 意为“对了” ,B.意为“ 乐意效劳”, C. 意为“ 没关系” D.意为“不费事”。答案为B。 03 不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 1.can的否定式can't (1)can't可译为“不会”,如:I can't play basketball. 我不会打篮球。 (2)当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能,如:He can't be ill.He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了,他正和Tom下棋呢。 (3)can't 还可用来回答“ May I…? ” 这样的问句。如:May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?No, you mustn't. / can't. 不,你不能。 (4)can't 还可用于固定习语中。can't help doing 禁不住,…情不自禁… can't wait to do sth 迫不及待…如:She can't help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。The children can't wait to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。 2.may的否定式为may not,译成“ 可能不”,如:He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。 3.must的否定式mustn't (1)mustn't表示不许,不可。 如:He mustn't leave his room.他不许离开他的房间。 You mustn't talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。 (2)mustn't也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。 如:—May I stand here?我可以站在这里吗? —No, you mustn't (can't).不,不行。 4.need的否定式needn't (责任编辑:admin) |