初三总复习阶段一定要整理出系统的知识点框架,接下来小编给大家分享初中英语总复习的必背知识点,供参考。 ![]() There be的句子结构 There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思, 肯定句的形式为:There be+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如: There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为:There be+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there+(any)+名词+地点状语. 肯定回答:Yes, there is/are. 否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't. -Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗 -Yes, there is. 有。 -Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗 -No, there aren't. 没有。 (3)特殊疑问句:How many...are there(+地点状语) 某地有多少人或物回答用There be... There's one. / There are two/three/some... 有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two... -How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生。 -There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。 (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语. How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水. 独立主格 1.独立主格与状语从句的转换 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。如: After class was over(=Class being over/Class over),the students soon left the classroom. 下课后,学生很快离开了教室。 2.不能省略being(having been)的情形 在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略: (1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。如: It being Sunday,we went to church.因为是星期天,我们去了做礼拜。 (2)在Therebeing+名词的结构中。如: There being no bus,we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。 3.通常不用物主代词或冠词 在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如: Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand. 史密斯先生走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。 比较with的复合结构:Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in his hand. 4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式 The chief-editor arriving,we began the meeting.主编来了,我们开始开会。 比较动名词复合结构: The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised. 5.独立主格的时态问题 独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时,可用完成时,表示该动作发生在谓语之前。 宾语从句 1.宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 2.宾语从句的引导词有三种: (1)以that引导的宾语从句: that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分,that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。 Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗? He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。 (2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句: 从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。 Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。 (3)特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句: 此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。例如: Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门? He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。 状语从句 状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。每种状语从句都有特定的引导词: (1)地点状语从句:where,wherever (2)时间状语从句:when, while, as, before, until, till, since (3)原因状语从句:because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that (4)目的状语从句:so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest (5)结果状语从句:so...that, such that, so that, with the result that (6)条件状语从句:if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing (that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as (7)方式状语从句:as, as if, as though (8)让步状语从句:though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter,whether...or, no matter with. (责任编辑:admin) |