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专题九 被动语态 动词语态分为两大类：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由”。 对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握。 一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象。 如：Computers are widely used in our work and daily life. 电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者) 二、表示被动语态的形式 (1)基本形式：主语 + be + vt.的过去分词 + (by + sb.) This song is often sung by children at school. 这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。 常见被动语态的时态： ①一般现在时：am/is/are+ vt.的过去分词； ②一般过去时：was / were + vt.的过去分词； ③一般将来时：will / shall / be going to + be + vt.的过去分词； ④现在完成时：have / has + been + vt.的过去分词； ⑤过去完成时：had + been + vt.的过去分词； ⑥现在进行时：am/is/are + being + vt.的过去分词； ⑦过去进行时：was / were + being + vt.的过去分词 ⑧过去将来时：would + be + vt.的过去分词 注意：被动语态不用于将来进行时及完成进行时。 (2)其他形式： (选学) ①主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by +. sb.)+宾语/ 介词 + 宾语 A. 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 宾语/to +宾语 I was shown his gold medal there. 在那里他给我看了他的金牌。 His gold medal was shown to me. 他的金牌给我看了。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有bring，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。 B. 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 宾语 /for +宾语 I was bought a new dictionary (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。 A new dictionary was bought for me (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。 ②主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 主语的补足语 Jim was made chairman at the meeting. Jim在会上被推选为主席。 Li Lei was seen to break the glass this moming. 李雷今天上午被人看到打碎了那块玻璃。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特别注意的是，在主动语态中，不定式做宾语的补足语，不定式前面的小品词to必须省略，而在被动语态中，不定式做主语的补足语，不定式的小品词to必须补上。 ③主语 +情态动词(can/could/may/might/must/should/ought to)+ be + 动词的过去分词 + (by + sb.) Water can be turned into ice. 水能转变成冰。 Your essay should be rewritten again. 你的论文应该还重新修改一遍。 ④主语 +be + 短语动词的过去分词 + (by + sb.) His words should be paid much attention to. 应该多注意他的话。 The children in China are taken good care of now. 现在中国的孩子被照料得很好。 注意：动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。 ⑤形式主语(It) +be + vt.的过去分词 +主语从句 It is reported that our team has won the game again. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。这一句型也可变为： 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词+不定式短语 The Mars is believed to have no life on it. 火星被确认无生命迹象。 Our team is reported to have won the game again. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。 三、被动语态的用法 被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地，从而令人难以接受，因此，切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。 ①说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者; 如：The classroom had been cleaned when I got there. 当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了。 (教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道) ②为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象;如：Homework must be finished before school is over. 作业必须在放学之前做完。(强调 Homework) ③为了修辞的需要，使句子间的联系更紧密。如: I have a new motorbike. It was given to me by my father yesterday as my birthday present. 我有一台新摩托车。它是昨天我父亲买给我作为生日礼物的。(显然，It指代 the new bike就与上文的a new motorbike紧密相连) 四、不能使用被动语态的情况 (1)不及物动词没有被动形式。特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，occur，take place等不及物动词。 如：A terrible traffic accident happened on the road yesterday. (昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改写为：A terrible traffic accident is happened on the road yesterday. (2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态。如agree with，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。 如：I don’t agree with Jack. (我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jack isn ' t agreed with. 五、主动形式表被动意义如：The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写。 The food tastes good. 这些食物尝起来味道很好。 His house is comfortable to live in. 他的房子住起来很舒服。 实战演练(2×50) 计分: 1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Did ; build B. Was ; built C. Is; built 2.An accident ____ on this road last week. A. was happened B. has happened C.happened 3. --- This kind of rice tastes nice. Do you know where it is grown? --- Yes, it _______ in Southeast China. A. was grew B. is grown C. is growing 4.So far, the moon ____ by man already. A. is visited B. has been visited C. was visited 5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given 6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. will be done 7.The doctor _____ for yet. A. isn't sent B. wasn't sent C. hasn't been sent 8. ---When ___ this kind of computer ______? ---Last year. A. was; made B. did; make C .are; made 9.Who _____ this book _____? A. did; write B. was; written by C. is; written 10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked 11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told to us B. was told us C. is told us 12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jumped B. jumps C. to jump 13.Older people ____ well. A. must be looked after B. looks after C. must look after 14.Our teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened B. should be listened to C. are listened 15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar. A. is served B. serves C. served 16. --- Did you win the basketball game? --- Bad luck. Our team _______ in the final one. A. won B. was won C. was beaten 17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year? A. would be completed B. will be completed C. is completed 18. Great changes _______ in China since 1949. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place 19. ---Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? ---She has _______ by her classmates. A. laughed B. been laughed C. been laughed at 20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed 21. This painting _______ to a museum in New York in 1977. A. sells B. sold C. was sold 22. The television _______. It doesn’t work now. A. must repair B. must be repaired C. has repaired 23. --- Do you think that the classroom _______ every day? --- Yes, I think so. A. should clean B. should be cleaning C. should be cleaned 24. I believe that those mountains _______ with trees in a few years’ time. A. are covered B. will be covered C. will cover 25. It is said that about 400 cars _______ in the factory next month. A. will produce B. are produced C. will be produced 26. I wasn’t at home yesterday. I _______ to help with the harvest on the farm. A. was asked B.was asking C. asked 27. ---Are you free this afternoon? ---No. I’ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon. A. to write B. wrote C. to be written 28. --- Where are the boys? --- Oh, they _______ basketball on the playground just now. A. were seen play B. were seen to play C. had seen play 29. --- Can you sing this English song? --- Of course I can. It _______ often _______ by children. A. is; sang B.was ; sang C.is ; sung 30. ---What did Miss Zhang say to you just now? ---She said that all the books should ___ to the library on time. A. are returned B. return C. be returned 31. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet. A. is not decided B. have not been decided C. has not been decided 32. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned 33. A football match _______ in our school next Monday. A. will hold B. will be held C. is going to hold 34. ----What’s happened to Joe? ---- ________ to a hospital. A. He’s taken B. He’s been taken C. He’ll be taken 35.--- Did you go to the party yesterday? ---- No, I ________. A. wasn’t invited B. was invited C. didn’t invite 36. Today the forests have almost gone. People must ______ down too many trees. A. stop from cutting B. stop to cut C. be stopped from cutting 37 .He was seen ________ something from the shop. A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen 38. One of the club activties ________ by Mr Smith. A. is holding B. are held C. is held 39. This kind of medicine ________ in a dry and cool place. A. must keep B. kept C. must be kept 40. The dog _________ an hour ago. A.died B.has died C.has been dead 41. ---Mary, you ____ on the phone. --- Thank you, Mom. A. are wanted B. will be wanted C. have wanted 42. This book ________ well in the shop. A. sells B. is selling C. is sold 43.The windows__________ after school is over. A.usually closed B.are usually closed C.are usually closing 44.They sat at the table until all the food __________ . A.was eating B.was eaten C.were eaten 45.I don’t know the restaurant, but it ___________to be quite a good one. A.is said B.is told C.is spoken 46. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he _______. A. must be taken care B. must take care of C. must be looked after 47. ----I feel very happy that I __________ to be the host. ----Congratulations. A. choose B. am chsoen C. was chosen 48.Trees and grass __________ every year to protect our environment. A.is planted B.are planted C.have planted 49.English _________in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America. A.speaks B.is speaking C.is spoken 50. ---Look at the sign on the wall. --- Oh, parking _______ here. A. doesn’t allow B.isn’t allowed C. wasn’t allowed 参考答案 1-5BCBBC 6-10BCABB 11-15ACABA 16-20CBACC 21-25CBCBC 26-30AABCC 31-35CBBBA 36-40CBCCA 41-45AABBA 46-50CCBCB 新初三快扫码关注 中考网微信公众号 每日推送学习技巧，学科知识点  (责任编辑：admin) |