中考网整理了关于2021年中考英语定语从句知识点总结,希望对同学们有所帮助,仅供参考。 对定语从句的考查 一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如: This is the present that he gave me for my birthday 二.关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如: I don’t like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如: What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如: The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如: Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如: The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如: A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如: I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如: I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如: This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如: That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题: 1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况: (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如: All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如: He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如: He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如: He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况: (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如: The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如: The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。 (责任编辑:admin) |