构词法之派生词——否定词缀 一、前缀"in-, im-, il-, ir-"可放在一些形容词前表否定 1. 作为否定词缀"in-"通常放在以"a, c, d, e, f, i, n, o, p, s, t, v"为首字母的形容词前,例如: articulate →inarticulate(不善于表达的) considerate →inconsiderate(不体谅别人的) credible →incredible(难以置信的) discreet →indiscreet(不慎重的) exact →inexact(不准确的) frequent →infrequent(不常发生的) 2. 作为否定词缀"im-"通常只放在以"m, p"为首字母的形容词前,例如: mature →immature(不成熟的) measurable →immeasurable(不可估量的) partial →impartial(不偏不倚的) patient →impatient(不耐烦的) 3. 作为否定词缀"il-"通常只放在以"l"为首字母的形容词前,例如: legal →illegal(不合法的) legible →illegible(无法辨识的) 4. 作为否定词缀"ir-"通常只放在以"r"为首字母的形容词前,例如: relevant →irrelevant(不相关的) reverent →irreverent(不恭的) 二、前缀"un-"也可放在一些形容词前表否定作为否定词缀"un-"通常放在以"k, l, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, y"等为首字母的形容词前,例如: wise →unwise(不明智的) forgettable →unforgettable(难忘的) "un-"也可放在一些动词前构成该动词的反义词,例如: dress(穿衣服)→undress(脱衣服) tie(系,捆,束)→untie(松开,解开) 三、前缀"dis-"可放在一些形容词和动词前构成与该词含义相反的新词 loyal →disloyal(不忠诚的) pleased →displeased(不高兴的) like →dislike(不喜欢) appear →disappear(消失) 四、前缀"mis-"可放在一些动词前表示"错误地……,糟糕地……" understand →misunderstand(误解) use →misuse(滥用) lead →mislead(误导) 五、后缀"-less"可放在一些动词和名词后构成形容词,表示"没有……,不能……" pity →pitiless(无情的) home →homeless(无家可归的) tire →tireless(不知疲倦的) reck→reckless(不计后果的) 提示:具体哪个单词用哪个否定词缀,正如本文所述,有一定规律可循,但这些又不是绝对的规律,很多单词都需要我们分别记忆。所以对否定词缀的掌握,多看、多练是十分必要的。 考考你 用下列句子前括号里单词的适当形式填空。 1. (fear) John gave the chairman his honest opinion, _____ of the result. 2. (end) I’m fed up with your ____ complaining. 3. (close) The lifting of the curtain ____ a beautiful winter scene. 4. (appoint) My parents were _____ with me because I failed the exam. 5. (spell) The book contains quite a few _____ words; the proof- reader really should have been more careful. 6. (understand) Don’t ____ his si-lence for lack of interest; actually he is very interested in the subject we are discussing now. 7. (load) The American ship arrived at the port yesterday, and workers are _____ its contents in the harbor now. 8. (certain) I had a long talk with him yesterday, but I’m still _____ about his intention. 9. (regular) That young mother does not like _____ working hours. 10. (proper) Joking with other persons at this official celebration is _____ behavior for such a serious occasion. 参考答案 1. fearless 句意:约翰不惧后果,如实地向主席说出了自己的看法。2. endless 句意:我对你无休止的抱怨厌倦透了。 3. disclosed 句意:卷起窗帘后,一幅美丽的冬景展现在眼前。 4. disappointed 句意:父母对我考试失利很失望。 5. misspelt 句意:这本书中有很多拼错了的单词,校对员真应该再仔细些。 6. misunderstand 句意:不要错把他的沉默当成不感兴趣,实际上他对我们目前正在讨论的问题很感兴趣。 7. unloading 句意:这艘美国船是昨天抵达港口的,现在工人们正在卸船上的货物。 8. uncertain 句意:昨天我跟他谈了很久,但我现在仍不确定他的意图。 9. irregular 句意:那位年轻母亲不喜欢没有规律的工作时间。 10. improper 句意:在这样的官方庆典上与别人开玩笑,对于这种严肃的场合来说是很不合适的行为. (责任编辑:admin) |