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Unit 1 How can we become good learners? by+V-ing ★“by+V-ing”结构在句子中作方式状语，常用来表示“以、靠、借助、通过、用（某种方法或手段）”而达到某种预期的目的。该结构常用来回答 How do you...? 之类的问题。 ★ 当 by 和表示交通工具的名词连用时，它与名词之间不用任何限定词，且名词用单数形式。 They often go to school by subway. 他们经常坐地铁上学。 ★ by,in 和 with 都可以表示“通过；借助”。by 后接表示动作、行为的名词；in 表示“用某种语言；用某种材料”；with 后接表示物体或工具的名词。 如： You may send the book by post. 你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。 提建议句式 ①What/how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you +do sth.? 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not +do sth.? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's +do sth. 如：Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/I+ do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! 宾语从句 that,if 和 whatever 引导的宾语从句： ★ 宾语从句中连接词的选择 1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句：that 在从句中无词义，不作任何成分，常可省略。如： Jenny said (that) she could finish her painting before supper. I think (that) you are right. 2. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句：if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时，一般可通用，都表示“是否”。如： I don't know if / whether she still works there. I want to know if / whether there is a hospital in this street. 但在下列情况下，只能用 whether，而不能用 if： （1）在 whether ... or not 或 whether or not 结构中，不能用 if。如： Nobody knows whether or not it will rain. （2）在介词之后用 whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English. ★ 主从句时态的呼应 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可用各种时态； 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句常用过去的某种时态。 但当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，即使主句为过去时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时态。如： He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian. Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east. 直击中考 1.【2018.四川乐山】-Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature. -Don't mention it. _____ you have more questions,come to me any time. A.If B.Because C.Though 答案见文末 反义疑问句 ①肯定陈述句+否定提问。如： Lily is a student isn't she? Lily will go to China,won't she? ②否定陈述句+肯定提问。如： She doesn't come from China,does she? You haven't finished homework,have you? ③提问部分用代词而不用名词 如：Lily is a student,isn't she? ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词 如：little,few,never,nothing,hard 等，其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English,does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗? 表达“花费” 1.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间" ①spend...on sth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间） ②spend...doing sth.花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如： He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着上。（花金钱） He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。（花时间） 2. pay 的基本用法是： ① pay(sb.)money for sth. 花费钱（给某人）买。 ② pay for sth. 付……的钱。 ③ pay for sb. 替某人付钱。 ④ pay sb. 付钱给某人。 ⑤ pay money back. 还钱。 ⑥ pay off one's money. 还清钱。 如： ① I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。 ② I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 ③ Don't wory! I'll pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的。 ④ They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。 3. take 后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种： ① It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 ② doing sth.takes sb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。 如： ① It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 ② Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。 4.cost 的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示”值”，常见用法如下： ① sth. costs(sb.）+金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。 ② (doing)sth.costs(sb).时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。 注意：cost 的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。 如： ① A new computer costs a lot of money.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 ② Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 直击中考 2.【2015 湖南长沙】Tom spent 200 yuan ______ this book. A.in B.on C.for D.with 3.【2015 广东深圳】It ______ me two days to finish the work. A.took B.cost C.spent D.paid 4.【2015 天津】I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. A.spend B.cost C.take D.pay 5.【2015 四川宜宾】I ______ $300 for the bike. A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid 答案见文末 unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 宾语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。 1. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等引导，不能省略。例如： Do you know who he is? 2. 由连接副词 how, where, when, why 引导， 也不可省略。例如： I don't know where I can buy this kind of camera. 3. 宾语从句用陈述句语序，即：连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。 4. 主句与从句的时态关系： (1) 如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态。例如： I don't know when she came here. Can you tell me when he will come here? (2) 如果主句是过去的时态，从句也应用过去时态的某一种。但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，应用一般现在时。例如： He told us why he would stay at home the next day. The teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun. 5. 某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含“特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构的简单句。例如： (责任编辑：admin) |