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专题十二 祈使句、感叹句 一、祈使句 (一)、祈使句的结构及用法 祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句点。 1. 肯定的祈使句 (1)动词原形+其他 如： Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 但有时会在句首加上主语或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。呼语常与句子隔开，动词仍然用原形。 如： Mary， clean the windows!And you boys，wash the floor! (2)Be + adj. 如：Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! (3)Let's + 动词原形 如：Let’s go to school together. 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Don't + 动词原形 如： Don't stand up. Don't be careless. Don't let them play with fire. (2) Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形 如： Let's not say anything about it. 3.祈使句的反意疑问句 (1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。 如： Please open the door, will/ won’t you? (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。 如： Don't be late again, will you? (3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we，let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you. 如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you? Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 4. 特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up! 5. 祈使句的强调形式。有时为了加强语气，可以再动词前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。 如：Do be careful! (二)、祈使句用于两个重要句型中 1.“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。 2.“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则;要不然”。 如：Hurry up , and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train.) Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train.) 二、感叹句 (一)感叹句的结构及用法 感叹句是抒发强烈感情的句子，如欢乐、兴奋、惊奇、愤怒、悲伤等，书面语中句末用感叹号。常由what或者how引导,都表示“多么”。 1、 what引导的感叹句 what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式： (1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)! 如： What a nice girl (she is)! What an interesting movie(it is)! (2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+(主语+谓语)! 如：What kind women they are! What nice music/bad weather/good news(it is)! 2、how引导的感叹句 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构有： (1)How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语! 如：How hard the workers work! How clever the girl is! 注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 如：How fast the runner runs! (2)How +形容词+ a +名词+ 主语+谓语。 如：How clever a boy he is! (二)特殊形式的感叹句 1、在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。 如：Great ! How cold ! Look out! What a fool! What a pity! My goodness! 2、Here/There开头的感叹句： (1).Here/There+主语(代词)+谓语 如：Here he comes! (2).Here/There+谓语+主语(名词) 如：Here comes the bus! 实战演练(2×50) 计分: 1. ___ food you've cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. What nice 2. ___terrible weather we are having these days! A. What B. What a C. How 3. --- __ ___ I had! --- You really had a lot. A. What a great time B. What great time C. How great time 4. __________ he runs! A. How fast B. What fast C. What a fast 5. The TV is too loud. Please________. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turning down it 6. _______ late again, Bill! A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be 7. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Doesn't C. Don't 8. Please help me carry it, ___ ___? A. will I B. will you C. shall we 9. Don't make so much noise, ____ __? A. will you B. won't you C. shall we 10. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow. A. brings B. bring C. bringing 11. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Tell 12. ---________ nice girl Alice is! ---Yes, she is always ready to help others. A. What a B. How C. What 13. ________ exciting it was to see the 2010 EXPO! A. What B. What an C. How 14. __________ the lights when you leave a room. A. Turn off B. Turning off C. To turn off 15. _______ tall the girl is! She is sure to become a good basketball player. A. How B. What a C. What 16. ---Try not to be late for school next time. ---Sure, I ________. A. don’t B. won’t C. haven’t 17. ___ ____she dances! A. How good B. How well C. What well 18. _ _ __ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How 19. __ __ hard work it is! A. How B. What C. What a 20. Please _ ___, they’re having a meeting. A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. no speaking 21. ___ _ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there. A. Not forget B. Forget not C Don’t forget 22. Lucy, __ __ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. closing 23. ___________play soccer in the streets. It’s too dangerous. A. Let’s B. Don’t C. Do 24. __ __ friendly he is! A. What B. How C. What a 25. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ___ _? A. won’t we B. will you C. shall we 26. A sign with the words“__ __” is often found in a bus. A. No parking B. No smoking C. Turn Left 27.___ __his father works! A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful 28. ____ __heavy snow! A. What a B. What C. How 29. _______the mooncakes are! A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious 30. Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock. A. is sure that B. will be sure C. be sure 31. Let us do it at once, ________ ? A. shall we B will you C do we 32. Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A . not B. don’t C. aren’t 33. ______ tell a lie. A. Not B. No C. Never 34. --You look very tired. ________ stopping to have a rest? -- All right. A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t 35. They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest? A. not they B. no they C. don’t they 36. ________ your child. We’ll look after him. A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about C. No worry about 37. ________ talk any more! It’s time for class! A. Stop B. Don’t C. No 38. _________ exciting news! We’ll have a long vacation after the exam. A. How B. What an C. What 39. __________ speak loudly in the movie theater. A. Can’t B. Don’t C. Not 40. It’s 7:30 now. Let’s ________ work. A. go B. going to C. go to 41. ________ time flies! A. What B. How C. What a 42. _________ a pity! A. How B. What C. How a 43. Let’s ________ loudly in public. A. don’t talk B. no talking C. not talk 44. ________ Mr Right is! A. How kind man B. What kind man C. What a kind man 45. ____ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. What a long way it is 46. ____ nice picture you gave me! A. How B. What C. What a 47. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what 48. ____ ___ beautiful your new dress is! A. How B. What C. What a 49. _ ___old bike Li Lei is riding! A. What a B. What an C. How 50. _______I miss you! A. What B. How C. How do 参考答案： 1—5 C A A A A 6---10 B C B A B 11---15 C A C A A 16---20 B B A B B 21---25 C A B B C 26---30 B B B A C 31---35 B B C B C 36---40 B B C B C 41---45 B B C C C 46---50 C A A B B 新初三快扫码关注 中考网微信公众号 每日推送学习技巧，学科知识点  (责任编辑：admin) |